First printing, November 2024
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Authors:
- Jason Mansell – Tecnalia – jason.mansell@tecnalia.com (AI4Cyber Project)
- Alfredo Petruolo – University of Naples “Parthenope” – alfredo.petruolo001@studenti.uniparthenope.it (CyberSEAS Project)
- Panagiotis Radoglou – University of Western Macedonia – pradoglou@uowm.gr (ELECTRON Project)
- Erkuden Rios Velasco – Tecnalia – erkuden.rios@tecnalia.com (Dynabic Project)
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Paolo Roccetti – Engineering (CyberEPES Cluster ) – paolo.roccetti@eng.it
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INTRODUCTION
The evolution of Electrical and Power Energy Systems (EPES) into more interconnected
and technologically advanced networks has significantly expanded their
attack surface. This expansion is driven by the integration of digital communication
technologies, the proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and the
increasing involvement of consumers as active participants in energy generation
and management [9]. While these advancements promise enhanced efficiency,
reliability, and sustainability, they also introduce a multitude of vulnerabilities that
can be exploited, potentially leading to widespread system failures. The objective
is to provide a comprehensive examination of the critical components of smart
grids, identify the technical threats associated with each asset, and highlight
the security gaps that persist despite existing protocols and standards. By doing
so, we aim to pinpoint the areas where research and industry efforts must be
concentrated to bolster the security of these essential systems.
